It was plenary then, and never having been surrendered, must be plenary now. Visit the dark and narrow lanes, and obscure recesses, which have been assigned by common consent as the abodes of those outcasts of the worldthe free people of color. And who are its enemies? The people were not satisfied with it, and undertook to establish a better. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Rush-Bagot Treaty Structure & Effects | What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement? This was the man to fire an aristocracy of fellow citizens ready to arm when their interests were in danger, and upon him, it devolved to advance the cause of South Carolina, break down the tariff, and fascinate the Union with the new rattlesnake theories. . . The Webster-Hayne Debate between New Hampshire Senator Daniel Webster and South Carolina Senator Robert Young Hayne highlighted the sectional nature of the controversy. What a commentary on the wisdom, justice, and humanity, of the Southern slave owner is presented by the example of certain benevolent associations and charitable individuals elsewhere. This seemed like an Eastern spasm of jealousy at the progress of the West. No hanging over the abyss of disunion, no weighing of the chances, no doubting as to what the Constitution was worth, no placing of liberty before Union, but "liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable." . Pet Banks History & Effects | What are Pet Banks? . MTEL Speech: Public Discourse & Debate in the U.S. Speech of Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts, January 20, 1830. . Sir, I will not stop at the border; I will carry the war into the enemys territory, and not consent to lay down my arms, until I shall have obtained indemnity for the past, and security for the future.[4] It is with unfeigned reluctance that I enter upon the performance of this part of my duty. . Most are forgettable, to put it charitably. Hayne's few but zealous partizans shielded him still, and South Carolina spoke with pride of him. In whatever is within the proper sphere of the constitutional power of this government, we look upon the states as one. Now, I wish to be informedhowthis state interference is to be put in practice, without violence, bloodshed, and rebellion. Southern states advocated for strong, sovereign state governments, a small federal government, the western expansion of the agricultural economy, and with it, the maintenance of the institution of slavery. Daniel Webster argued against nullification (the idea that states could disobey federal laws) arguing in favor of a strong federal government which would bind the states together under the Constitution. I understand him to maintain this right, as a right existing under the Constitution; not as a right to overthrow it, on the ground of extreme necessity, such as would justify violent revolution. In this regard, Webster anticipated an argument that Abraham Lincoln made in his First Inaugural Address (1861). The faction of voters in the North were against slavery and feared it spreading into new territory. Webster rose the next day in his seat to make his reply. An accomplished politician, Hayne was an eloquent orator who enthralled his audiences. . Neither side can be said to have 'won' the debate, but Webster's articulation of the Union solidified for many the role of the federal government. They will not destroy it, they will not impair itthey will only save, they will only preserve, they will only strengthen it! . . Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Go to these cities now, and ask the question. Two leading ideas predominated in this reply, and with respect to either Hayne was not only answered but put to silence. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. . . Crittenden Compromise Plan & Reception | What was the Crittenden Compromise? . a. an explanation of natural events that is well supported by scientific evidence b. a set of rules for ethical conduct during an experiment c. a statement that describes how natural events happen d. a possible answer to a scientific question Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality: The American Anti-Slavery Society, Declaration of Sent Constitution of the American Anti-Slavery Society, Appeal to the Christian Women of the South, Protest in Illinois Legislature on Slavery. I understand him to maintain an authority, on the part of the states, thus to interfere, for the purpose of correcting the exercise of power by the general government, of checking it, and of compelling it to conform to their opinion of the extent of its powers. The War With Mexico: Speech in the United States H What Are the Colored People Doing for Themselves? At the time of the debate, Webster was serving his term as Senator of Massachusetts. I have but one word more to add. Daniel webster, in a dramatic speech, showed the. It laid the interdict against personal servitude, in original compact, not only deeper than all local law, but deeper, also, than all local constitutions. ", What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?. They cherish no deep and fixed regard for it, flowing from a thorough conviction of its absolute and vital necessity to our welfare. . If I could, by a mere act of my will, put at the disposal of the federal government any amount of treasure which I might think proper to name, I should limit the amount to the means necessary for the legitimate purposes of the government. . Daniel Webster stood as a ready and formidable opponent from the north who, at different stages in his career, represented both the states of New Hampshire and Massachusetts. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you . 1. emigration the movement of people from one place to another 2. immigration a situation in which resources are being used up at a faster rate than they can be replenished 3. migration the leaving of one's homeland to settle in a new place 4. overpopulation the movement of people to a new country 5. sustainable development a situation in which the birth rate is not sufficient to replace the . All regulated governments, all free governments, have been broken up by similar disinterested and well-disposed interference! . Broadside Advertisement for Runaway Slave, Forcing Slavery Down the Throat of a Free-Soiler, Free & Slave-holding States and Territories. We found that we had to deal with a people whose physical, moral, and intellectual habits and character, totally disqualified them from the enjoyment of the blessings of freedom. . It develops the gentlemans whole political system; and its answer expounds mine. It was motivated by a dispute over the continued sale of western lands, an important source of revenue for the federal government. Which of the following statements best represents the desires of the Northern states during the debate of Missouri statehood? Northern states intended to strengthen the federal government, binding the states in the union under one supreme law, and eradicating the use of slave labor in the rapidly growing nation. . Sir, if we are, then vain will be our attempt to maintain the Constitution under which we sit. It was a great and salutary measure of prevention. Webster argued that the American people had created the Union to promote the good of the whole. Now, have they given away that right, or agreed to limit or restrict it in any respect? The excited crowd which had packed the Senate chamber, filling every seat on the floor and in the galleries, and all the available standing room, dispersed after the orator's last grand apostrophe had died away in the air, with national pride throbbing at the heart. His speech was indeed a powerful one of its eloquence and personality. Tariff of 1816 History & Significance | What was the Tariff of 1816? The Northwest Ordinance. I hold it to be a popular government, erected by the people; those who administer it responsible to the people; and itself capable of being amended and modified, just as the people may choose it should be. Webster's "Second Reply to Hayne" was generally regarded as "the most eloquent speech ever delivered in Congress."[1]. . Correspondence Between Anthony Butler and Presiden State of the Union Address Part II (1846). Massachusetts Senator Daniel Webster's "Second Reply" to South Carolina Senator Robert Y. Hayne has long been thought of as a great oratorical celebration of American Nationalism in a period of sectional conflict. Nullification, Webster maintained, was a political absurdity. I know, full well, that it is, and has been, the settled policy of some persons in the South, for years, to represent the people of the North as disposed to interfere with them, in their own exclusive and peculiar concerns. I did not utter a single word, which any ingenuity could torture into an attack on the slavery of the South. . Sir, I may be singularperhaps I stand alone here in the opinion, but it is one I have long entertained, that one of the greatest safeguards of liberty is a jealous watchfulness on the part of the people, over the collection and expenditure of the public moneya watchfulness that can only be secured where the money is drawn by taxation directly from the pockets of the people. President John Quincy Adams and the Election of 1824. . The United States' democratic process was evolving and its leaders were putting the newly ratified Constitution into practice. Southern ships and Southern sailors were not the instruments of bringing slaves to the shores of America, nor did our merchants reap the profits of that accursed traffic.. . She has a BA in political science. The Senate debates between Whig Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Democrat Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina in January 1830 started out as a disagreement over the sale of Western lands and turned into one of the most famous verbal contests in American history. If these opinions be thought doubtful, they are, nevertheless, I trust, neither extraordinary nor disrespectful. This important consideration, seriously and deeply impressed on our minds, led each state in the Convention to be less rigid, on points of inferior magnitude, than might have been otherwise expected.. The Webster-Hayne debates began over one issue but quickly switched to another. .Readers will finish the book with a clear idea of the reason Webster's "Reply" became so influential in its own day. States' rights (South) vs. nationalism (North). Most people of the time supported a small central government and strong state governments, so the federal government was much weaker than you might have expected. And here it will be necessary to go back to the origin of the federal government. This is the sum of what I understand from him, to be the South Carolina doctrine; and the doctrine which he maintains. Webster-Hayne Debate 1830, an unplanned series of speeches in the Senate, during which Robert Hayne of South Carolina interpreted the Constitution as little more than a treaty between sovereign states, and Daniel Webster expressed the concept of the United States as one nation. I would strengthen the ties that hold us together. . Well, the southern states were infuriated. In the course of my former remarks, I took occasion to deprecate, as one of the greatest of evils, the consolidation of this government. But I do not understand the doctrine now contended for to be that which, for the sake of distinctness, we may call the right of revolution. . . . MTEL Speech: Notable Debates & Speeches in U.S. History, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858: Summary & Significance, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Significance of Daniel Webster's Argument, MTEL Speech: Principles of Argument & Debate, MTEL Speech: Understanding Persuasive Communication, MTEL Speech: Public Argument in Democratic Societies. The debates between daniel webster of massachusetts and robert hayne of south carolina gave. Sir, as to the doctrine that the federal government is the exclusive judge of the extent as well as the limitations of its powers, it seems to be utterly subversive of the sovereignty and independence of the states. Some of Webster's personal friends had felt nervous over what appeared to them too hasty a period for preparation. Read reviews from world's largest community for readers. Hayne and the South saw it as basically a treaty between sovereign states. I know that there are some persons in the part of the country from which the honorable member comes, who habitually speak of the Union in terms of indifference, or even of disparagement. I say, the right of a state to annul a law of Congress, cannot be maintained, but on the ground of the unalienable right of man to resist oppression; that is to say, upon the ground of revolution. This is the sense in which the Framers of the Constitution use the word consolidation; and in which sense I adopt and cherish it. . Thousands of these deluded victims of fanaticism were seduced into the enjoyment of freedom in our Northern cities. Their own power over their own instrument remains. . . Sir, when the gentleman provokes me to such a conflict, I meet him at the threshold. . The tendency of all these ideas and sentiments is obviously to bring the Union into discussion, as a mere question of present and temporary expediency; nothing more than a mere matter of profit and loss. Hayne entered the U.S. Senate in 1823 and soon became prominent as a spokesman for the South and for the . I understand him to insist, that if the exigency of the case, in the opinion of any state government, require it, such state government may, by its own sovereign authority, annul an act of the general government, which it deems plainly and palpably unconstitutional. . The militia of the state will be called out to sustain the nullifying act. We could not send them back to the shores from whence their fathers had been taken; their numbers forbade the thought, even if we did not know that their condition here is infinitely preferable to what it possibly could be among the barren sands and savage tribes of Africa; and it was wholly irreconcilable with all our notions of humanity to tear asunder the tender ties which they had formed among us, to gratify the feelings of a false philanthropy. During the course of the debates, the senators touched on pressing political issues of the daythe tariff, Western lands, internal improvementsbecause behind these and others were two very different understandings of the origin and nature of the American Union. The debate was important because it laid out the arguments in favor of nationalism in the face of growing sectionalism. We who come here, as agents and representatives of these narrow-minded and selfish men of New England, consider ourselves as bound to regard, with equal eye, the good of the whole, in whatever is within our power of legislation. A state will be restrained by a sincere love of the Union. The next day, however, Massachusetts senator Daniel Webster rose with his reply, and the northern states knew they had found their champion. If they mean merely this, then, no doubt, the public lands as well as everything else in which we have a common interest, tends to consolidation; and to this species of consolidation every true American ought to be attached; it is neither more nor less than strengthening the Union itself. The WebsterHayne debate was a debate in the United States between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina that took place on January 1927, 1830 on the topic of protectionist tariffs.