Just how much nattokinase lowers your blood pressure depends on how thoroughly it is digested. (40) However, it still lacks clinical research supporting its use in thromboembolic conditions. That's very interesting. It was very, very low. Enzymes are essential for sparking thousands of chemical reactions in the functions of growth, repair, reproduction, digestion, and metabolism system-wide. All Rights Reserved, As of January 2023, a simple PubMed keyword search of ", 2. Rate your experience with SERRAPEPTASE on WebMD including the side effects, drug interactions, effectiveness, ease of use and satisfaction When did you start serrapeptase in your healing journey? I have noticed absolutely nothing from it and am wondering if I need to upgrade to something else. That can be very helpful in healing bruises. Thanks Lyme. Some medications that slow blood clotting include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, others), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, warfarin (Coumadin), and others. I have endo and adeno and 1 tube block as well. Unfortunately, I didn't keep a log and of course, I haven't experienced liver pain for quite a while so my mind tends to block those bad old days out. Source: Serrapeptase is a proteolytic enzyme produced by the enterobacterium Serratia marcescens E-15. I've been taking this for relief of congestion which from my reading up on the product was it's most effective use. I need to research my options. I just learned too it's a worm enzyme like Lumbrokinase. I no longer take it, but it is an enzyme, and can only work on the problems when it is in your body, so for me, Id take it none stop for a while. This gives me hope. Studies indicate that serrapeptase is absorbed intact from the digestive tract and that it acts systemically to support healthy immune system functions and promote the body's normal healing . I think it would help a lot of people. What is the Correct Dosage of Serrapeptase? And it prevents the formation of scar tissue so that joints retain their range of motion as they heal. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. For example can I take it for a few days after I work out and then stop or when I have more pain than ususal?? OTHER NAME(S): Butterfly Enzyme, Enzyme de Ver de Soie, Extrait d, Serrapeptase is a chemical taken from the silkworm. Reversing Cirrhosis - Serrapeptase [6] Serrapeptase. Thanks JRPSF! Systemic Enzyme Therapy: Understanding the Differences between Serrapeptase and Nattokinase. 10 Steps For Healing Well With Chronic Illness. I experienced weird headaches that seemed to stem from in between the back of my shoulder blades that were quite painful.. Have you had any like this? My family has been encouraging me for a while to post this information on other sites. Serrapeptase is an enzyme extracted from silkworms and has been shown to be an effective anti-inflammatory enzyme for pain and swelling reduction. Systemic enzymes such as Serrapeptase and Nattokinase are necessary to support vital functions in the body and aid the body's natural healing process.*. This copyrighted material is provided by Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Consumer Version. I think it's important to underscore the fact that serrapeptase must be taken on an empty stomach. I quickly found that a back problem from an injury some 40 years ago almost completely vanished, and my chronically stuffed sinuses drained much easier. Hi Andy, Just finished reading your articles on serratiopeptidase and nattokinase. Nattokinase is partially broken up in the process of digestion. The opinions expressed in WebMD User-generated content areas like communities, reviews, ratings, or blogs are solely those of the User, who may or may not have medical or scientific training. The result has been that my blood pressure has been reduced from 155/98 to 98/68 which is telling me that my arteries are starting to be flexible again. Although there is always a chance of miraculous conception, it is sooooo slim. A: It takes more than serrapeptase on its own. One day she came home with a supplement called serrapeptase. Enzyme Therapies is a website set up by a health enthusiast. [3] Bhagat S, Agarwal M, Roy V. Serratiopeptidase: a systematic review of the existing evidence. Did the methylated b vitamins help? As well, I am understanding lumbrokinase is stronger than the latter. The Egg Crackdown A Scorecard for Nutrition and Colon Cancer: Study Shows Dietary Changes Can Shri Natural Killer (NK) Cells 101: What You Need to Kn 12 Best Anti-Cancer Supplements for Optimal Health 10 Best Anti-Inflammatory Supplements 2023, Curing the Incurable: Cancer - Adam Gaertner, Top 10 Foods That May Weaken Your Immune System 2023. Read More Read Less. I really regret my decision 9 almost 10 years ago thinking that I wouldn't ever want more. Effect of the proteolytic enzyme serrapeptase in patients with chronic airway disease. This was confirmed in second trials with this. Phew! It can help the body clean out broken tissue in bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. I suffered a serious neck injury when I was about 19 years old. Serrazimes is patented for alleviating inflammatory conditions and protein digestion disorders. Hello ladies I'm a 35 soon to be 36 yr old that has had my tubes tied/clipped & burned, my youngest child will be 10 in Dec of this year and I hoping for another child by miracle of some sort tat the sperm will just melt the burnt end of the tubes and push through. These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Any success stories after lap nd Serrapeptase. Hi Bucci, I don't know if it's for thick blood. Fibrin is a protein that when acting normally, aids regular blood flow and clotting. I don't think it is a good idea to "start out" taking a bunch of biofilm busters at once. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. An Enzyme From Silkworms Or just time and healing? Inhibit the formation of blood clots and plaque in blood vessels, Serrazimes supplements typically come in 33 mg capsules with a potency of 20,000 units of activity, There is no recommended dosage due to lack of clinical research. 10 Steps For Healing Well With Chronic Illness. Serratiopeptidase (Serratia E-15 protease, also known as serralysin, serrapeptase, serratiapeptase, serratia peptidase, serratio peptidase, or serrapeptidase) is a proteolytic enzyme (protease) produced by enterobacterium Serratia sp. And joints. They are supposed to attack the biofilms in different ways. While I already had similar joint issues like this (ie "Heberden's Nodes"), it seemed far more quick and severe while using the higher, recommended doses Serrapeptase. I've been taking it for a month now. J Int Med Res 1990;18:379-88.. View abstract. Role of Serratiopeptidase and Dexamethasone in the Control of Postoperative Swelling. I'm on the Pekena products for detox and I know from my blood work and how I feel that they have made a significant difference (renalex, apo-hepat, iteres, and three others which help with inflammation, mineral absorption and . This exclusive proteolytic enzyme system is designed as an enzymatic alternative to serratiopeptidase and may be used for protein digestion or as a systemic protease to support immune, cardiovascular or musculoskeletal health. will never take this or recommend to anyone. These opinions do not represent the opinions of WebMD. Asian J. Clin. She assumed that the scar would flatten out and fade with time, however that was not the case. I'm taking it more so for the MTHFR 677 double mutation, it was suggested on the mthfr.net website. Absolutely. But I dont think it heal already damaged areas. I have found that the best approach was to take a combination of both proteolytics together. Can one take nattokinase and serrapeptase along with High Blood Pressure medications Micardis and Norvasc (a angiotensin II receptor antagonist and a calcium channel blocker). A hand specialist told me that INTERNAL SCAR TISSUE is necessary to keep knuckles from further leaking, cysts, inflammation and damage. Yep, still get low blood pressure from it. I take Natto, Sera, and Astrogalus. Serranol has four things in it to solve your problems, see attached and www.SerranolOffers.com. Serrapeptase has many health benefits, but of specific interest to my wife was its ability to break down scar tissue. My understanding is that serrapeptase eats dead protein, which is why it helps with inflammation. In the meantime, only use it under medical supervision until more studies determine the full spectrum of side effects and benefits. Nattokinase has powerful anti-inflammatory and fibrin-degrading activity. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version. I had hoped continued use of it would also help clear my peripheral artery disease. Just didn't know if you saw an improvement in this symptom as you added supplements. Proteolytic enzymes help break down proteins into amino acids. The ingredients used in Serrazimes may have stronger anti-inflammatory effects than serrapeptase. I am not familiar with lumbrokinase, but have been taking serrapeptase for over a year. Yeah I've been taking Jarrow Nattokinase for the past 2 months. I love the stuff, I take 120,000 IU a day. Im wanting to try lumbrokinase because its supposed to be the strongest like you said. If you exercise as part of your routine for controlling your blood pressure and you suffer an injury, it is going to be harder to keep your hypertension in check while you are recovering. After a silkworm weaves its cocoon and begins transforming into a moth, it releases Serratia bacteria from its gut. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. I appreciate it. I tend to take a low and slow approach since I herx. WARNING - SEVERE JOINT DAMAGE IS POSSIBLE: Serrapeptase can be a miracle for a lot of conditions. Serrapeptase has been used in traditional medicine in Asia and Europe for over 30 years. At higher, recommended doses of 60,000-120,000 SPU, it certainly seemed like one for me for the sinus conditions I tried it for. Emerging Technologies on the Verge of Mainstream A 13 Best Natural Treatments for Dementia in the Eld Palm Oil Good or Bad? You can stop and start whenever you like, but I have found that a longer period works better for me, so Ill take it for several months at a time, then come off for a while. I was wanting to take Serrapeptase to break down the scar tissue, but I am afraid of breaking down the collagen of the skin. So serrapeptase is an enzyme that can break down or dissolve other proteins. It has made a big difference in my life. Read on to see if serrapeptase is effective. No, none whatsoever. K2 helps to pull the calcium where it shouldn't be . Int J Surg. Charlotte Shifflett. I like it better than plain serrapeptase because it provides MSM and trace minerals that can help with the utilization of the enzyme. We currently have no information for SERRAPEPTASE overview. Thanks for you input Art. This is a continuation of my review from 8/10/2019. I had many scans including 4 CT'S now with contrast. It is similar to serrapeptase - an enzyme found in silkworms that they use to dissolve their cocoons. Protease enzymes, such as serratiopeptidase, have been shown to degrade certain proteins associated with inflammation. Do you like the brand you buy? I know lumbrokinase is worm extract for biofilms etc and comes in different strengths. Evaluation of Serratia peptidase in acute or chronic inflammation of otorhinolaryngology pathology: a multicentre, double-blind, randomized trial versus placebo. Overview. I figured it was just a matter of time until I had those symptoms at sea level. It's also worth noting that previous ultrasounds indicated that I had several cysts on my liver and that the most recent ultrasound only noted two cysts. Itll help getting rid of scar tissue, inflammation, and infection. Now, after 6 months of taking Serrapeptase my Aorta shows clean and the Tumor shrunk to 7mm. My mum took this to help with her varicose veins, she was in bed for days feeling like her heart was trying to pound through her chest. Goat Milk vs Cow Milk: What's the Difference? She assumed that the scar would flatten out and fade with time, however that was not the case. Serrapeptase dissolves the silk cocoon so that the silkmoth may emerge. I took one pill and developed severe diarrhea and vomiting. I think I'm going to add Chlorella. Thanks. Serrapeptase is a chemical taken from the silkworm. Natto is made from boiled soybeans that have been fermented with a type of bacteria. Post Edited (vcast) : 6/6/2013 3:39:31 PM (GMT-6). Which one is best or should I try both? Any tips or suggestions ladies would be very much appreciated. So far it has really helped to breath more clearly & feel much less stuffed up & my daughter who has a similar problem with sinusitis has found it has helped her too. Overview Serrazimes Patents Inflammatory disorders 2) Is this true? I have since tried recommended doses of alternate enzymes, like Lumbrokinase, and quit immediately upon increased knuckle irritation and pain. Before is ideal. I use serrappetase for about 8 months so far and it helped me great with constipation and haemorrhoids (it prevents blood clots in veins). It is best taken atheist 2 hours before or after you eat. The Science Behind Molecular Hydrogen Tablets 2023, Treatment for Long Haulers Syndrome (2023). About 6 hours later, i feel better but have a huge headache. That problem didn't affect me until I was in my 40s, but I then suffered two prolapsed discs in my neck and problems with my right arm and hand. Perhaps like other things it has many benefits. what did james garner die from. How to Use Serrapeptase to Help Avoid Surgery, Using Serrapeptase for Pain After Dental Procedures, Using Serrapeptase to Control Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome, Using Serrapeptase to Stop Staph Infections. For a newbie, who hasnt been diagnosed with any liver issues, what dosage is safe of the serrapeptase? You're supposed to take on empty stomach (otherwise you will have wasted the product bc it only works on empty). difference between serrazimes and serrapeptase All rights reserved. But they don't do quite the same things in the human body. I've met the love of my life and he has no children I just want to be able to try everything possible without surgery (tubal reversal) if at all possible. While I already had similar joint issues like this (ie "Heberden's Nodes"), it seemed far more quick and severe while using the higher, recommended doses Serrapeptase. Pain was reduced in few days. In my case, my liver was so damaged that I didn't think it was up to the task. [5] Santhosh K. The emerging role of serratiopeptidase in oral surgery: literature update. Serrapeptase, also known as serratiopeptidase, is a proteolytic enzyme that is produced by bacteria in the gut of silkworms. Start saving your money for IVF if you guys want to conceive. feel rotten this is day 5 of feeling terrible. Magnesium, Vitamin D & K2: Optimize Your Vitamin D 15 Best Anti Aging Vitamins and Supplements that W Vitamin D and Aging: Vitamin D Could Help Extend Y Anti-Aging Supplements You Dont Want To Take (2023). Mazzone A, Catalani M, Costanzo M, et al. I get mine from luckyvitamin, vitaminshoppe or amazon. I've read about Serrapeptase and Wobenzym N and plan to order both along with the 2 Chinese teas. . It seemed to help me with my problem, so created this site to help inform people what serrapeptase is, what it can do and just as importantly, what it cannot do. The information on these pages is for information only, and must not be seen as medical advice. I could try. Benefits: Both Serrapeptase and Nattokinase have been shown to have fibrinolytic properties. Its anti-inflammatory and helps with healing and infection. Would combining these be more effective. Nattokinase is an enzyme that comes from a Japanese food called natto. At first the pain in my liver was frequent. Just add one new thing at a time and increase slowly -- the first time hubby took wobenzyme he was told to take a large dose 3 times daily and was new to treatment and didn't know any better. I used serrapeptase to clear my sinus, it worked really good, no more headache or mucus. Choosing a selection results in a full page refresh. Likewise the most recent ultrasound described my liver as mildly coarse and indicated that the marker for cirrhosis was negative. Microbiol. https://www.reddit.com/r/liver/comments/e47bfb/reversing_cirrhosis_vitamins_5/. I know most people usually take one f o r biofilms. Don't take nattokinase if you take aspirin for your heart or if you are on prescription anticoagulant (blood thinning) medication. Nattokinase also has a direct effect on increasing plasminogen activation, necessary for optimal heart function.[6]. My caps are 80000 spu, so I could see if I could open the cap and weigh out half. BUT, it literally "blew out" and causes PERMANENT DAMAGE and DEFORMATION of knuckle joints for myself and a friend who tried using it. Tachibana M, Mizukoshi O, Harada Y, et al. Can I take Serrapeptase tablets along with Fibrozym tablets? Thank you in advance. Serrapeptase was recommended by my chiropractor to try to break up the scar tissue around the vertebrae that were causing me the problems. There are affordable options. Source: Serrapeptase is a proteolytic enzyme produced by the enterobacterium Serratia marcescens E-15. Which is better at dissolving blood clots? I read in another review that another person had the same thing. Since proteolytic enzymes like Serrapeptase will dissolve "dead proteins," such as in scars, it can work against you in some circumstances. Well I take three 120,000 pills per day spaced out and have no ill effects from doing so. HorbaachNattokinase Supplement 4000 FU Reviews, Enzyme Fundamentals 101: What You Need to Know, FLCCC I-MASK+ Protocol for COVID-19 (2023), Food Compass Review 2023: What You Need to Know. That way, it is much easier to tell if I have an issue with a particular med or supp. I am working on the last 25% of Lyme and I felt that I needed a booster for the biofilms. Serrapeptase eats away scar tissue, dissolves blockages, and decreases inflammation, and has been used with great success for joint, tendon, and ligament injuries or degeneration. Apparently they do, so I will definitely take your advice and post elsewhere. Can you tell a little about any liver related pain or discomfort you would feel in your right side or upper stomach? Both of these proteolytic enzymes have unique properties and benefits. Serratiopeptidase, also known as serrapeptidase and serrapeptase, is an enzyme produced by the bacteria Serratia marcescens, originally found in the gut of the silkworm. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. Interestingly, Nattokinasi is also contain high amounts of vitamin K2. There was. I'm very worried about my own liver health and am afraid of a diagnosis and the road I'll walk. 2017 May;12(3):209-215. How does Nattokinase affect Blood Pressure? It is a commonly used drug (Takeda Chemical Industries) in Japan and Europe. To get a healthy liver also: Stop alcohol (at least 2 days per week) Stop (or cut down) eating sugar and starchy carbs (wheat, grains, corn and potatoes) Serranol - 4 Super Nutrients. Serrapeptase; Serrapeptase enzyme; Serrapeptidase; Serratia peptidase; Serratiopeptidase; Serratiopeptidase, powder; Serrazimes; Serrazimes(r . All rights reserved. In fact, all markers of inflammation in my body vanished. I feel like it makes my supplement work less so on that I would say, that yes, it may break down collagen of the skin. Was there some soreness during healing? One day she came home with a supplement called serrapeptase. Did you cycle the serrepeptase and how many su's did you use? A few years ago, my wife had emergency surgery that left her with a thick, ropy, keloid scar. 7 Best Anti-Inflammatory Supplements for Joints in 10 Best Natural Anti Inflammatory Supplements of 2023. Long-term allergies disappeared. This is just what I found works best for me. This was confirmed in second trials with this enzyme. But I knew when it was gone; I felt much better overall. I know other supplements I use like COQ10 can lower BP, so maybe there's a compounding effect? Potent. A case of serratiopeptidase-induced subepidermal bullous dermatosis. I have stopped taking it as have had vomiting, diarrohea , severe stomach pains , clamy and sweats. Disclaimer. Res. In turn the bacteria produce an enzyme called serrapeptase. If so Would nattokinase be less likely to break down the collagen of the skin? They both originally came from natural sources in China and Japan, serrapeptase from silkworms and nattokinase from the fermented soy food natto. I am going to try just taking it every other day to see if it helps. BMC Oral Health 2021;21(1):91. Thanks! I've tried the serrapeptase and end up with anemia symptoms within a few days. Press the space key then arrow keys to make a selection. I have taken it daily for several months with no problems. Haha. This might help decrease. Never heard of anyone complaining of anemia on Serrapeptase. If you are taking antacids for heartburn, for instance, your stomach will produce less acid and the nattokinase will be less thoroughly broken down into fragments. Serratiopeptidase supports recovery of muscles, bones, and connective tissues, while nattokinase might give just that tiny boost in blood pressure control that makes the difference that keeps you from having to take more medication or adding a new medication. I take this supplement for Fibromyalgia and Carpal tunnel syndrome but I also have thick blood and high blood pressure. Great for rheumatoid inflammation but had to stop due to the awful acid reflux it gave me. From day 3 and on - no side effects at all This is a great product (I used of two different manufacturers, practically the more expensive works better for me), Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Fitness vs. Do you think these enzymes would be helpful in reducing plaque in the carotid artery? Serrapeptase is an enzyme people use to relieve pain and inflammation. Both serrapeptase and nattokinase are enzymes that cut proteins. It's the only thing that keeps my pains down. Thank you everyone for the good information! [4] Sumi H, Hamada H, Nakanishi K, Hiratani H: Enhancement of the Fibrinolytic Activity in Plasma by Oral Administration of Nattokinases. Can You Use Serrapeptase and Nattokinase Together? I originally tried this because of claims it would reverse atherosclerosis, and I was just beginning to experience symptoms of cardiac insufficiency at high altitude. They both originally came from natural sources in China and Japan, serrapeptase from silkworms and nattokinase from the fermented soy food natto. I also take Chlorella. It will thin the blood also and will dissolve fibrous matter. They prevent the hormone angiotensin from being converted into the hormone angiotensinogen, which raises blood pressure. Serrapeptase protects the blood system, breaks down deadly substances and fights inflammation right throughout the body. Clearly if you dont have high blood pressure then the combined supplement is ok. Required fields are marked *, Hi Andy, do you take Serrapeptase daily?? I consider the stuff to be amazing.Read More Read Less, Started to take it for trigger thumb. Hello Andy, Your article is such a relief to me. Could you recommend an inexpensive place to buy Nakkokinase and Lumbrokinase? The wobenzyme I bought comes with 200 pills. Amount Per Serving. It was probably a year or so after I started healing. What is Serrapeptase? This helps the body dissolve blood clots. Like nattokinase, serrapeptase has also been shown to dissolve blood clots and arterial plaque as well. Side effects: on the fi, rst pill some dizziness for 10 minutes, and then it was over. Serrapeptase has many health benefits, but . "Proteo" means "protein," and "lytic" means "break down.". I start one thing at a time. Nattokinase fragments, however, can do something that serratiopeptidase cannot. Long-term allergies disappeared. It can help the body "clean out" broken tissue in bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Thanks for the message. One in three people complain of joint pain regardless of age, gender or fitness level. I was not aware of that. Highlighted benefits of serrapeptase are: It's produced by bacteria in the digestive. I notice more pain if I stop for a few days. I started taking Serrapeptase about 10 months ago as it is suppose to reduce inflammation and help clean and renew damaged arteries. The Thumb is improving but "no miraculous" cure for my thumb. Originally, Serrapeptase was isolated from the microorganism Serratia found naturally in the silkworm's intestine, Bombyx mori L .2. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. To view profiles and participate in discussions please. According to one review, serrapeptase is sometimes used for this purpose either alone or along with steroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ). Nattokinase may thin the blood . Second pill (the other day) - a shorter dizziness. 8 Best Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Centers in Natural Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment and Sabin P Top 10 drugs by worldwide sales in 2021 (2022 Update). They were both studied in rats with Alzheimer's. A study in zebrafish suggested that serrapeptase might break down amyloid plaques better than nattokinase, but clinical trials comparing these two enzymes are completely lacking [2, 6].Some researchers are investigating how combinations of . In terms of its efficacy, I can attest to the fact that the two cysts on my liver have shrunk in size as measured by ultrasound done December 2019. I originally tried this because of claims it would reverse atherosclerosis, and I was just beginning to experience symptoms of cardiac insufficiency at high altitude. Pharm. CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. Pathophysiology of haemostasis and thrombosis, 36(5), 227232. It is a commonly used drug (Takeda Chemical Industries) in Japan and Europe. Never delay seeking advice or dialling emergency services because of something that you have read on HealthUnlocked. Is it better to break them and the cysts? I only started it 3 days ago but I all of a sudden seems to belch during a meal which I never did before. [6] Yatagai, C., Maruyama, M., Kawahara, T., & Sumi, H. (2008). Now I take 3-6 120,000 SIU daily. I am taking serrapeptase and was herxing so much I had to back off to every other evening. I currently am taking Doctor's Best Serrapepetase, and am on my third week in addition to my abx. Proteolytic activity comparable to serratiopeptidase, Supports healthy joints and muscles by degrading proteins associated with inflammation, Nutritional systemic support for a healthy immune system. Studies support serratiopeptidases musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and respiratory health benefits. Hi Andy, thank you for your post. I am fighting uterine fibroids but I am very healthy in all other ways. So, I only rate it a 2 but the other things that this does could be valuable for those other conditions written in the web page. enzyme. If taken with food, serrapeptase will work to dissolve the proteins in the food. They act as an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Vitamin D may lower Cancer Risk With This Simple I Benefits of Quercetin in Cancer Prevention and Tre Mistletoe and the Emerging Future of Integrative O Fighting Cancer with Food and Nutrition 2023, What are the Best Cancer Fighting Foods (2023), Benefits of Vitamin C in Cancer Treatment 2022. Serratiopeptidase breaks down collagen and fibrin. Has anyone in the same situation tried the two together or apart? Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) the most powerful and misunderstood male hormone?
Homes For Sale On Bagley Road,
Why Is Cam Newton Not Playing With The Panthers,
Articles D