What is a key technological infrastructure resource for online teaching? Students included future computing pioneers such as Maurice Wilkes, Claude Shannon, David Rees, and Jay Forrester. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1. In a widely circulated paper, mathematician John von Neumann outlines the architecture of a stored-program computer, including electronic storage of programming information and data -- which eliminates the need for more clumsy methods of programming such as plugboards, punched cards and paper. The Nest would remember what temperature users preferred by training itself to monitor daily use patterns for a few days then adopting that pattern as its new way of controlling home temperature. The Alpha processor designs were eventually acquired by Compaq, which, along with Intel, phased out the Alpha architecture in favor of the HP/Itanium microprocessor. Most historians believe that the use of Colossus machines significantly shortened the war by providing evidence of enemy intentions and beliefs. Commodores Amiga 1000 is announced with a major event at New York's Lincoln Center featuring celebrities like Andy Warhol and Debbie Harry of the musical group Blondie. Completed in 1951, Whirlwind remains one of the most important computer projects in the history of computing. Its chiclet keyboard was also criticized for poor ergonomics. The 386 chip brought with it the introduction of a 32-bit architecture, a significant improvement over the 16-bit architecture of previous microprocessors. This very small home computer is available in the UK as a kit for 79 or pre-assembled for 99. The Nest allowed for remote access to a users homes thermostat by using a smartphone or tablet and could also send monthly power consumption reports to help save on energy bills. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the ASR-33 was a popular and inexpensive choice of input and output device for minicomputers and many of the first generation of microcomputers. Its founders were Ken and Stan Olsen, and Harlan Anderson. This is likely the first example of remote access computing. In his book Giant Brains, Berkeley noted - We shall now consider how we can design a very simple machine that will think. With an order for 50 assembled systems from Mountain View, California computer store The Byte Shop in hand, the pair started a new company, naming it Apple Computer, Inc. A joint project of Englands Manchester University, Ferranti Computers, and Plessey, Atlas comes online nine years after Manchesters computer lab begins exploring transistor technology. The project became the One Laptop per Child Consortium (OLPC) founded by Nicholas Negroponte, the founder of MIT's Media Lab. The Lisa ran on a Motorola 68000 microprocessor and came equipped with 1 MB of RAM, a 12-inch black-and-white monitor, dual 5.25-inch floppy disk drives and a 5 MB Profile hard drive. General Georges Doriot and his pioneering venture capital firm, American Research and Development, invested $70,000 for 70% of DECs stock to launch the company in 1957. After the success of the PET, Commodore remained a major player in the personal computer market into the 1990s. Apple launches the iPhone - a combination of web browser, music player and cell phone - which could download new functionality in the form of "apps" (applications) from the online Apple store. To reduce its size, the traditional hard drive was replaced with a solid-state disk, the first mass-market computer to do so. While it did not sell well, the operating system, Be OS, retained a loyal following even after Be stopped producing hardware in 1997 after less than 2,000 machines were produced. workstations. Remington Rand eventually sold 46 Univac 1s at more than $1 million each. Intel's first microprocessor, a 1/16-by-1/8-inch chip called the 4004, had the same computing power as the massive ENIAC. When Xerox PARC loaned the Stanford Engineering Department an entire Alto Ethernet network with laser printer, graduate student Andy Bechtolsheim re-designed it into a prototype that he then attached to Stanfords computer network. Incorporating a version of Apple's iOS operating system, as well as sensors for environmental and health monitoring, the Apple Watch was designed to be incorporated into the Apple environment with compatibility with iPhones and Mac Books. The 486 chips remained similar in structure to their predecessors, the 386 chips. IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. What kind of software tool are Notebook and ActivInspire examples of? ENIAC used panel-to-panel wiring and switches for programming, occupied more than 1,000 square feet, used about 18,000 vacuum tubes and weighed 30 tons. Designed by scientists and engineers at MITs Instrumentation Laboratory, the Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) is the culmination of years of work to reduce the size of the Apollo spacecraft computer from the size of seven refrigerators side-by-side to a compact unit weighing only 70 lbs. It offered increased performance and storage capacity over the original IBM PC and sold for about $4,000. Part of the speed came from the computers design, which used 10 small computers, known as peripheral processing units, to offload the workload from the central processor. Which instructional software function would probably be the most appropriate choice for allowing students to discover rules for genetics? What is the general term for software whose source code is made available for free and permits users to use, change, and improve it? There are many stand-alone utility programs available as an alternative to the operating system'sutility programs. selecting effective instructional software. In 1979, Truong sold R2E to Bull. Which of the following is an online course characteristic that supports success? It also included more memory and accommodated high-density 1.2-megabyte 5 1/4-inch floppy disks. The Relay Interpolator used 440 relays, and since it was programmable by paper tape, was used for other applications following the war. All three PowerBooks introduced featured a built-in trackball, internal floppy drive, and palm rests, which would eventually become typical of 1990s laptop design. While imprisoned at Buchenwald concentration camp for the rest of World War II, he refines his pre-war design of a calculator featuring a modified version of Leibnizs stepped drum design. The ABC was at the center of a patent dispute related to the invention of the computer, which was resolved in 1973 when it was shown that ENIAC co-designer John Mauchly had seen the ABC shortly after it became functional. Bruce Arthur Artwick (born January 1, 1953) [1] is an American software engineer. Select the power connector that is specified by the ATX Version 2.2 standard, which allows more power to the motherboard for PCI Express (PCIe) devices. What can be accomplished by using the Quality Matters standards and the Rubric for Assessing Interactive Quality? For its January issue, hobbyist magazine Popular Electronics runs a cover story of a new computer kit the Altair 8800. Friedl used the SCAMP prototype to gain approval within IBM to promote and develop IBMs 5100 family of computers, including the most successful, the 5150, also known as the IBM Personal Computer (PC), introduced in 1981. What is a prominent research finding regarding students who engage in computer programming activities? The Video Display Module (VDM) marks the first implementation of a memory-mapped alphanumeric video display for personal computers. The first Q1 microcomputer was delivered in December of 1972, making it the first, as far as he can tell. Steve Jobs, forced out of Apple in 1985, founds a new company NeXT. 2. The first release proved so popular there was a long delay in delivering systems on release. It used a MOS Technologies 6502 microprocessor running at 1 MHz. The micro should be an extremely low power device even if this raises the cost of the project. Oddly, the company doesn't use the term in its marketing, preferring instead to refer to the microcomputer (which it calls a "Micom") that implements the fuzzy logic. Cameras would become a significant part of most phones within a year, and several countries have even passed laws regulating their use. The company called it a connected organizer rather than a PDA to emphasize this ability. The Treo sold well, and the line continued until Handspring was purchased by Palm in 2003. After the war, he concentrated on the development of Princetons Institute for Advanced Studies computer. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. A year later, it steered Apollo 11 to the lunar surface. The Programma 101 could do addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as calculate square roots. Compaq licensed the MS-DOS operating system from Microsoft and legally reverse-engineered IBMs BIOS software. This high performance processor found its place in powerful work stations intended for graphics-intensive programs common in engineering. The Librascope division of defense contractor General Precision buys Frankels design, renaming it the LGP-30 in 1956. spreadsheet program FoxBase was originally released for the Apple II in 1984, followed by versions for the Commodore 64, IBM PC, and Atari ST. A version for the Macintosh was also released in 1985. Windows NT was a version of Windows that included a graphical interface on top of a DOS kernel. The Mark-8 Do-It-Yourself kit is designed by graduate student John Titus and uses the Intel 8008 microprocessor. At the 2006 World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) announces it will create a program to deliver technology and resources to targeted schools in the least developed countries. Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? Subject. Microcomputer was formerly a commonly used term for personal computers, particularly any of a class of small digital computers whose CPU is contained on a single integrated semiconductor chip. Commodore even used Star Trek television star William Shatner in advertisements. Walt Disney Pictures ordered eight of the 200B model to test recording equipment and speaker systems for the 12 specially equipped theatres that showed the movie Fantasia in 1940. Initially, Franklin won a court victory allowing them to continue cloning the machines, but in 1988, Apple won a copyright lawsuit against Franklin, forcing them to stop making Apple II clones.. Designed to replace the 32-bit VAX architecture, the Alpha is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor. true. The roots of the companys name came from the acronym for Stanford University Network (SUN). True/False B. What is the function of an IEP generator? The TI99/4 had a wide variety of expansion boards, with an especially popular speech synthesis system that could also be used with TI's Speak & Spell educational game. It was developed as a versatile instrument controller for HP's growing family of programmable test and measurement products. The Nova was first to employ medium-scale integration (MSI) circuits from Fairchild Semiconductor, with subsequent models using large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits. The function of an output device is to: Selected Answer: Convert electronic information produced by the computer system into human-intelligible form for presentation to end-users. The Jaguar was used to study climate science, seismology, and astrophysics applications. VisiCalc was released in 1979 and quickly became a must-have tool for business users. These microcomputers were often sold as "DIY" kits or pre-built machines in relatively small numbers in the mid-1970s.These systems were primarily used for teaching the use of microprocessors and supporting peripheral devices, and unlike home computers were rarely used with pre-written application software. In some places, lower populations of ELL students may result in distorted data analysis. The machine had a fifty-foot long camshaft running the length of machine that synchronized the machines thousands of component parts and used 3,500 relays. Acorn spun off ARM as its own company to license microprocessor designs, which in turn has transformed mobile computing with ARMs low power, high-performance processors and systems-on-chip (SoC). The first large-scale computer communications network, SAGE connects 23 hardened computer sites in the US and Canada. At 4 million operations per second and 4 kilobytes of memory, the 80386 gave PCs as much speed and power as older mainframes and minicomputers. Microsoft Windows, also called Windows and Windows OS, computer operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft Corporation to run personal computers (PCs). The First Microcomputer: Altair 8800. It interfaced with a wide number of standard laboratory instruments, allowing customers to computerize their instrument systems. Apple Stores display of newly introduced Apple Watches. The LINC was later commercialized by DEC and sold as the LINC-8. It could also share files and print out documents on an advanced Xerox laser printer. DEC is founded initially to make electronic modules for test, measurement, prototyping and control markets. The IBM PC revolutionized business computing by becoming the first PC to gain widespread adoption by industry. The 1401 mainframe, the first in the series, replaces earlier vacuum tube technology with smaller, more reliable transistors. The PC Jr. is marketed as a home computer but is too expensive and limited in performance to compete with many of the other machines in that market. The basic idea for bombes came from Polish code-breaker Marian Rejewski's 1938 "Bomba.". At the time IBM released the System/360, the company had just made the transition from discrete transistors to integrated circuits, and its major source of revenue began to move from punched card equipment to electronic computer systems. The machine was designed and built by Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry between 1939 and 1942. Based on the Intel 8008 microprocessor, the Micral is one of the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computers. Computer Science. and taking up a volume of less than 1 cubic foot. Answers: Convert data into an electronic machine-readable form for direct entry into a computer system. Once limited to surfing the Web, browsers are becoming the universal software platform on which end users launch into information searches, E-mail, multimedia file transfer, discussion groups, and many other Internet, intranet, and extranet applications. Wang was a successful calculator manufacturer, then a successful word processor company. System/360 was aimed at both business and scientific customers and all models could run the same software, largely without modification. It was believed that ENIAC had done more calculation over the ten years it was in operation than all of humanity had until that time. Foremost among its developments was Forresters perfection of magnetic core memory, which became the dominant form of high-speed random access memory for computers until the mid-1970s. Which of the following is not one of the kinds of interaction that Moore said characterized online courses? 40,000 were sold, including 10 to NASA for use on the Apollo space project. A. The NBS also built the Standards Western Automatic Computer (SWAC) at the Institute for Numerical Analysis on the UCLA campus. With a peak speed of over a petaflop (one thousand trillion calculations per second), the Tianhe 1 (translation: Milky Way 1) is developed by the Chinese National University of Defense Technology using Intel Xeon processors combined with AMD graphic processing units (GPUs). In 1975, Scelbi introduced the 8B version with 16 KB of memory for the business market. It was transferred to the Department of Physics at the University of Melbourne in 1955 and remained in service until 1964. The AGCs first flight was on Apollo 7. Which software was the first available for microcomputers? Apple introduces their first ultra notebook a light, thin laptop with high-capacity battery. H. Edward Roberts, the Florida-born former U.S. Air Force officer who headed MITS, decided to design a small, affordable computer around the Intel 8080. Nearly a quarter century after IBM launched their PC in 1981, they had become merely another player in a crowded marketplace. Lisa itself, and especially its GUI, were inspired by earlier work at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. Despite using 98,304 PowerPC chips, Sequoia's relatively low power usage made it unusually efficient. Which software tool would be helpful for preparing a newsletter? Applications that came as part of the package included MacPaint, which made use of the mouse, and MacWrite, which demonstrated WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) word processing. The RISC microprocessor had a 32-bit integer arithmetic and logic unit (the part of the CPU that performs operations such as addition and subtraction), a 64-bit floating-point unit, and a clock rate of 33 MHz. Marketed as a fast, extremely accurate electronic slide rule with a solid-state memory similar to that of a computer, the HP-35 distinguished itself from its competitors by its ability to perform a broad variety of logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to store more intermediate solutions for later use, and to accept and display entries in a form similar to standard scientific notation. The HP-35 helped HP become one of the most dominant companies in the handheld calculator market for more than two decades. Compaq beats IBM to the market when it announces the Deskpro 386, the first computer on the market to use Intels new 80386 chip, a 32-bit microprocessor with 275,000 transistors on each chip. It was based on a graphical user interface using windows, icons, and a mouse, and worked together with other Altos over a local area network. 25. It was also repeatedly expanded and improved throughout its 13-year lifespan. The machines existence was not made public until the 1970s. The system cost more than $100 million to create and ran a variation of the Linux operating system with up to 10 petabytes of storage. The Pi weighed only 45 grams and initially sold for only $25-$35 U.S. The Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer is a multi-year research project conducted under the overall supervision of world-famous mathematician John von Neumann. The Alto is a groundbreaking computer with wide influence on the computer industry. DSKY interface for the Apollo Guidance Computer. What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? The inside of the Amiga case is engraved with the signatures of the Amiga designers, including Jay Miner as well as the paw print of his dog Mitchy. mainframe computer. The RISC PC was used widely in UK broadcast television and in music production. ex..pentium, celeron, athlon. An inspiring summer school on computing at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering stimulates construction of stored-program computers at universities and research institutions in the US, France, the UK, and Germany. The Simon 1 used relay logic and cost about $600 to build. The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog computer that aims large guns to their targets. A microcomputer contains a microprocessor (a central processing unit on a microchip ), memory in the form of read-only memory and random access memory , . What software was the first available for microcomputers? The first microcomputer was the Intel 4004, introduced in 1971. While larger than the previous G4 towers, the G5 had comparatively limited space for expansion. Promotional shot of the Compaq Deskpro 386s. Definition. Lenovo, China's largest manufacturer of PCs, purchased IBM's personal computer business in 2005, largely to gain access to IBM's ThinkPad line of computers and sales force. Although manufactured by Remington Rand, the machine was often mistakenly referred to as the IBM Univac." Motes are also known as smart dust, since the intention is that their tiny size and low cost make them inexpensive enough to sprinkle in the real world to as sensors. OS/2 was the first advanced GUI operating system for Intel-based microcomputers, and has been around for a few years. Apple had initially included a handle in their Macintosh computers to encourage users to take their Macs on the go, though not until five years after the initial introduction does Apple introduce a true portable computer. David Packard and Bill Hewlett found their company in a Palo Alto, California garage. The PowerBook 100 was the entry-level machine, while the PowerBook 140 was more powerful and had a larger memory. The 2116A is HPs first computer. The British Broadcasting Corporations Computer Literacy Project hoped to introduce interested adults to the world of computers. Acorn produces a popular computer, the BBC Microcomputer System, so viewers at home could follow along on their own home computers as they watched the program. Apps, games, and accessories helped spur the popularity of the iPad and led to its adoption in thousands of different applications from movie making, creating art, making music, inventory control and point-of-sale systems, to name but a few. Apples inspiration for the Lisa and Macintosh computers came from the Xerox Alto. FoxBase is a database management system and programming language developed by Fox Software in the mid-1980s. Instruction for which all students "meet" with the instructor by video at a designated time of day would be an example of this kind of distance course. In 2012, Apple introduced the Retina display for the MacBook Pro laptop and iPad tablet. The company sold about 200 machines, losing $500 per unit. These tools take over the task of doing arithmetic functions so that students can focus on higher level mathematics concepts Spreadsheet This software is sometimes credited with starting the "microcomputer revolution" in schools, since it was the first software package available for home computers. Which of the following is not a file format in which audio-video files can be imported from a source and stored in a computer? The boss wants it to have a complex user interface with a time display, touch panel buttons and accurate timing for the toast cycle. The device's success led to the creation of MIT Lincoln Laboratory in 1951. Apple gave away thousands of Apple IIs to school, giving a new generation their first access to personal computers. The most ambitious massively parallel computer at the time, the ILLIAC IV was plagued with design and production problems. The Retina display became standard on most of the iPad, iPhone, MacBook, and Apple Watch product lines. What is the best statement about your choice of a microcontroller for the project? Each credit card-sized Arduino board consisted of an inexpensive microcontroller and signal connectors which made Arduinos ideal for use in any application connecting to or monitoring the outside world. C. FTCE Physical Education Certification Exam, Alan S. Willsky, Alan V. Oppenheim, Hamid Nawab, Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, Brian Self, David Mazurek, E. Russell Johnston, Ferdinand Beer, Phillip Cornwell, 3.8.1 - Strategic direction: choosing which m, BCPS 2018: Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. A full-scale working replica of the ABC was completed in 1997, proving that the ABC machine functioned as Atanasoff had claimed. To protect it from earthquakes, the building housing it was built using a seismic isolation system that used rubber supports. The architecture that allowed Windows and IBM OS/2 has remained in subsequent chips.